We estimate Eq. (1) by replacing Dij (Bij) with three different sets of dowry and bride price paid to others (i.e., \( \overlinej>> \) and \( \overlinej>> \) , \( \overline> \) and \( \overline> \) , or the community-based dowry and bride price), and three sets of reduced-form estimation results are presented in Table 4. Each panel presents estimation results of a reduced-form regression with a different set of dowry and bride price paid to others. To be comparable with Panel A, the OLS estimation results with women who have at least one brother and one sister are presented in Appendix Table 8. The reduced-form estimation results support the main OLS estimation results shown in Table 2. That is, women enjoy higher status in the ily that tends to exchange higher dowries and when they come from a higher-dowry village, whereas a larger bride price is negatively associated with these same traits. Here, the amount of bride price paid to the wife’s sisters by their in-laws is significantly negatively associated with the wife’s autonomy. The third set, i.e., the community-based dowry and bride price, does not show any significant association with women’s status. This is likely because relatively weaker association between the community-based dowry (bride price) and the personal dowry (bride price) that the bride receives from her parents (in-laws) than other two sets. The estimates for other coefficients are not inconsistent with those shown in Table 2 and are available upon request.
Dining table 4 Relationship between dowry/bride to be price (paid down by the into the-legislation regarding sisters, others regarding the community and neighborhood) and you can wife’s reputation on the marital domestic (OLS)
4.step 3 Conversation and robustness inspections
Within the deciding the fresh women’s position from the marital house, the end result of your own online dowry (dowry without bride rates) get matter. Observe that the level of deferred mehr is roofed separately from the net dowry while the former is not paid down until divorce case happen and should not meet the requirements property introduced for the relationships. site kГ¶prГјsГј The results suggest that the new property put into the ount) enhance her decision-making power and you will liberty. This type of positive associations are not surprising while the the newest connectivity regarding bride-to-be price repaid during the time of relationship run stop so you can those of dowry however estimations.
Maybe, an elevated decades or training differences might weaken the fresh new wife’s updates in the marital home. Plus many years huge difference plus education change (replacing brand new partner’s many years and you will knowledge) doesn’t impact the main effects, together with coefficients of them details commonly significant (Appendix Table 9, Committee B).
The newest estimation processes try repeated by substitution dowry and you may fiance rate with net dowry (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee A beneficial)
You to definitely might argue that the number of many years as relationships was important because the effect of dowry (otherwise bride to be rates) would be better following relationship. In addition to ages because ount of dowry (replacing woman’s age during the relationship) magnifies the base effectation of dowry inside the ladies’ flexibility but decrease the magnitude and benefit level from inside the ladies decision making (Appendix Dining table 9, Committee C). Meaning one a more impressive dowry boosts the wife’s independence in the brand new marital house shortly after wedding; however, brand new association isn’t significantly affected by this new passage of many years given that relationship.
No measure of gender ideology is roofed in the primary estimation due to endogeneity inquiries. That you’ll argue that addition of these methods can get undermine the newest association ranging from dowry and you will ladies’ status about marital household. Although we you should never refuse the possibility that tastes and ideological opinions regarding gender interactions aren’t built-in and change along side marital existence, the latest estimate processes are frequent by the in addition to two procedures having son preference: the initial changeable equals you to if wife’s better quantity of sons try greater than regarding daughters and also the next means you to definitely if wife desires offer advanced schooling so you’re able to sons instead of in order to daughters. Controlling having gender ideology doesn’t drastically impact the main quote efficiency (Appendix Desk nine, Committee D). Interestingly, ladies decision-making was surely with the young buck preference. Yet not, it’s adversely associated with the preference to own getting higher education to help you sons as compared with daughters. A prospective interpretation would be the fact extremely experienced female could be against gender inequality for the studies and stay way more motivated regarding marital family but favor with significantly more sons than simply daughters. So it looks in line with some present degree showing that son taste is more common certainly extremely knowledgeable feminine unlike uneducated female in Southern area China (Das Gupta 1987; Muhuri and you may Preston 1991).